BUSINESS RESILIENCE IN POST COVID-19: INVESTIGATING THE ³PSYCHOLOGICAL PANDEMIC´: IMPACTS ON BUSINESS/ECONOMY AND METHODS FOR INTERVENTION

Authors

  • Megan Goodrich Akamai University (USA)

Keywords:

COVID-19, pandemic, mental health, intervention, business, workers, employees, psychology, safety

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the most significant global economic shift in recent history and experts indicate there is no end in sight [17], [5]. Central to any business is the employee. This paper investigates mental health issues experienced by workers primarily in the public sector resulting from COVID-19 including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), disordered sleep, exhaustion, and burnout and their impact on businesses and the economy. In addition, this paper aims to identify the most effective interventions with the understanding that a faster response on multiple fronts to these developing issues will not only lessen their total negative impact on the individual [11], but also on the economy both during and after the pandemic.

References

Allen, J., Balfour, R., Bell, R., Marmot, M., (2014, August 14) Social determinants of mental health, International Review of Psychiatry. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25137105/

American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language s.v. ‘’Presenteeism’’ accessed September 5th, 2021, https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=presenteeism

Bartelink, V., Zay Ya, K., Guldbrandsson, K., Bremberg, S. (2019, July 10). Unemployment among young people and mental health: A systematic review. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31291827/

Brown-Johnson, C., Vilendrer, S., Heffernan, M., Winter, S., Khong, T., Reidy, J., (2020, May 14) PPE Portraits-a way to humanize personal protective equipment. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7224350/

Center for Disease Control. (2021, August 25). Interpretation of Forecasts of New and Total Deaths. COVID-19 Forecasts. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/forecasting/forecastingus.html

Christopher, M., Kinchin, I. (2017 November 13) A review of the economic impact of mental illness. Retrieved from https://www.publish.csiro.au/ah/Fulltext/AH16115

Czeisler, M., Lane, R., Petrosky, E., Wiley, J., Christensen, A., Njai, R., Weaver, M., Robbins, R., Facer-Childs, E., Barger, L., Czeisler, C., Howard, M., Rajaratnam, S., (2020, August 14). Mental Health, substance Use, and Suicidal Ideation During the COVID-19 Pandemic-United States, June 24-30, 2020.Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7440121/

Dictionary.com s.v. ‘’Absenteeism’’ accessed September 5th, 2021, https://www.dictionary.com/browse/absenteeism

Ettman, C., Abdalla, S., Cohen, G., Sampson, L., Vivier, P., Galea, S., (2020, September 2). Prevalence of Depression Symptoms in US Adults Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Retrievedfromhttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2770146

Evans-Lacko, S., Knapp, M., (2016, September 26). Global patterns of workplace productivity for people with depression: absenteeism and presenteeism costs across eight diverse countries. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00127-016-1278-4

Galea, S., Merchant, R., Lurie, N., (2020, April 10). The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 and Physical Distancing: The Need for Prevention and Early Intervention. Retrieved from https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/articleabstract/2764404

Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H., Dai, J., (2020, April 16). Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. Retrieved from https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0231924

Hay, L. (2010, March). In Practice. Perspectives in Public Health. Retrieved from https://sci-hub.se/10.1177/17579139101300020303

Hernandez-Aguado, I., Zaragoza, G., (2016, April 18). Support of public-private partnerships in health promotion and conflicts of interest. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4838703/

Kennedy, P., Gorin, N., (2020, June 21). EAP and COVID-19: The pandemic makes it clear: It’s time to finally address the mental health crisis in America. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10713/13271

Killgore, W., Taylor, E. C., Cloonan, S. A., Dailey, N. S. (2020, June 9). Psychological resilience during the COVID-19 lockdown. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7280133/

Kopelovich, S.L., Monroe-DeVita, M., Buck, B.E., (2020, June 19). Community Mental Health Care Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Strategies for Improving Care for People with Serious Mental Illness. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10597-020-00662-z#citeas

Lee, Y. (2021, August 8). The World is Nowhere Near the End of the Covid Pandemic, Says Famed Epidemiologist Larry Brilliant. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/09/covid-epidemiologist-larry-brilliant-on-deltavariant-vaccinations.html

Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2021). Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/personal-protectiveequipment#:~:text=What%20is%20personal%20protective%20equipment%3F%20Personal%20protective%20equipment%2C,radiological%2C%20physical%2C%20electrical%2C%20mechanical%2C%20or%20other%20workplace%20hazards.

Palomo, T., Archer, T., Kostrzewa, R.M., (2020, March 6). Comorbidity of substance abuse with other psychiatric disorders. Retrieved from https://scihub.se/10.1007/bf03033898

Pedrosa, A., Bitencourt, L., Fróes, A., Cazumbá, M., Campos, R., de Brito, S., Silva, A., (2020, October 2). Emotional, Behavioural, and Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7561666/

Pollock, A., Campbell, P., Cheyne, J., Cowie, J., Davis, B., McCallum, J., McGill, K., Elders, A., Hagen, S., McClurg, D., Torrens, C., Maxwell, M., (2020, November 5). Interventions to support the resilience and mental health of frontline health and social care professionals during and after a disease outbreak, epidemic or pandemic: a mixed methods systematic review. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD013779/full

Radović-Marković, M.,Jovanović, J., (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on Working from Home in Serbia: Possibilities and Consequences, in: Vidaković (Ed.) Lovrinović (Ed.). Macroeconomic Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic-Policies from Southeast Europe, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 345-347. ISBN 978-3-030-75443-3.

Radović-Marković, M. et al., (2013), Various Communication Modalities in Organizations with Focus on Virtual Firms. In: Larsen, Knud (ed.), Vzov, Grigorii (ed.), Krumov, Krum (ed.), Schneider, Johann (ed.) Advances in International Psychology: Research Approaches and Personal Dispositions, Socialization Processes and Organizational Behaviour. Kassel University Press, Germany and VUZF University, Bulgaria, 2013. ISBN 978-3-86219-454-4, [COBISS.SR-ID 512212834].

Schwatka, N., Smith, D., Weitzenkamp, D., Atherly, A., Dally, M., Brockbank, C., Tenney, L., Goetzel, R., Jinnett, K., McMillen, J., Newman, L., (2018, September 13). The Impact of Worksite Wellness Programs by Size of Business: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study of Participation, Health Benefits, Absenteeism, and Presenteeism. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30212884/

Serafini, G., Parmigiani, B., Amerio, A., Aguglia, A., Sher, L., Amore, M., (2020, June 30). The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the mental health in the general population. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/113/8/531/5860841?login=true

Shah, K., Kamrai, D., Mekala, H., Mann, B., Desai, K., Patel, R., (2020, March 25). Focus on mental health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: Applying learnings from the past outbreaks. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7182052/

Shanafelt, T., Ripp, J., Trockel, M., (2020, April 7). Understanding and Addressing Sources of Anxiety Among Health Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Retrieved from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2764380

Sijbrandij, M., Horn, R., Esliker, R., O’May, F., Reiffers, R., Ruttenberg, L., Stam, K., de Jong, J., Ager, A. (2020, January 11). The Effect of Psychological First Aid Training on Knowledge and Understanding about Psychosocial Support Principles: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/2/484/pdf

Smith, P., Oudyk, J., Potter, G., Mustard, C. (2021, April). Workplace Infection Control Procedures and Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Canadian Non-healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaa119

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2020, April 30). Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders. Retrieved from: https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/disorders

World Health Organization. (2018, March 30). Mental Health: Strengthening Our Response. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/en/news-room/factsheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response

Vigo, D., Thornicroft, G., Atun, R. (2016, February). Estimating the true global burden of mental illness. Retrieved from https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00505-2

Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Ma, X., Di, Q., (2020, May 25). Mental Health Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemics and the Mitigation Effects of Exercise: A Longitudinal Study of College Students in China. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/10/3722/htm

Downloads

Published

30.12.2021

How to Cite

Goodrich, M. (2021). BUSINESS RESILIENCE IN POST COVID-19: INVESTIGATING THE ³PSYCHOLOGICAL PANDEMIC´: IMPACTS ON BUSINESS/ECONOMY AND METHODS FOR INTERVENTION. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Resilience, 4(2), 80–90. Retrieved from https://jebr.fimek.edu.rs/index.php/jebr/article/view/24